Etruria and Rome
The Etruscans style of dress was typically influenced by the Greeks. In addition to the chitons (chapter 3 digital vocab) the Etruscans donned themselves in a "tebenna", a style worn by both men and women of Etruria; it was said to be a "rounded mantle" created in a circular form and draped backwards, over the shoulders. http://www.mysteriousetruscans.com/art/art.html |
Like the Greeks, the Romans donned themselves in simple garb stylized to fit different genders, ages, social status, and occasions. Among them were the: "toga pura/viriles", an off-white colored toga worn by the freeborn adult males (the Roman citizens, as women were not allowed to become citizens). Also pictured is the "toga candida", the toga worn by men running for office (candidate); the "toga praetexta" were the clothes of the children of nobility and were depicted with the purple border along the edge. The togas "pulla, picta, and trabea" were colored togas (black, purple w/gold embroidery, and multicolored stripes respectively) worn for special circumstances; the black for mourning, the purple for victorious generals coming back from war, the striped for state officials. http://www.quia.com/jg/1856016list.html https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clothing_in_the_ancient_world http://www.vroma.org/~bmcmanus/clothing.html http://www.digitalsculpture.org/caligula/index_stills_picta_front.html |
Much like the Etruscans' style of dress was influenced by their neighbors, the Greeks, Greek lifestyle and dress was influential to the Romans'. The "subligar" was the Romans' equivalent of the Greeks' perizoma and was used for undergarments for those who could afford more/ garments for those who couldn't. http://www.crystalinks.com/romeclothing.html |
The "subligar" was the Roman equivalent to the Greeks' perizoma (the lioncloth). The "subligaria" is the loincloth for a female, which is typically worn together with the "strophium", with held up the breasts, http://www.christies.com/lotfinder/ancient-art-antiquities/an-etruscan-bronze-youth-circa-5th-century-5425376-details.aspx http://www.vroma.org/~bmcmanus/clothing.html |
The garments mentioned below are all examples of clothing that denoted the status of a woman in Roman civilization. The "stola" was depicted and worn by the free women who were married. The garment "institia" described the style of wear of Roman matrons. The "palla" or the veil was used to veil and cover the faces of the women out in public. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stola https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_hairstyles |
The garments: "vitta", a hair band to bind and tie hair (used by the Roman matrons), the "tutulus (the hairstyle meant for the mater familias), and the "rincinium" (dark colored version of the veil, palla, meant for mourning purposes) were worn by the women of Roman during 500 BC to AD 400. https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/originals/e0/f9/e5/e0f9e5ff318ada08104191fa2947fb87.jpg https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/originals/98/76/f0/9876f07e5512da6e5a71fb5487c32f71.jpg |
Like the Egyptians, Etruscans, and Greeks, the dress/costume for young girls and boys differed. The girls of Rome wore a chiton influenced by Greek dress fashioned with the overfold, called a "supparum". Differences between the Roman boys and girls started at birth, when freeborn boys were given the right to own (and were given) a locket made of precious metals and stones called a "bulla". http://archaeologicalmuseum.jhu.edu/the-collection/object-stories/archaeology-of-daily-life/jewelry/gold-bulla/ |
Of the many garments mentioned above, a few are of the Romans' military costume. The "abolla", a rectangular piece of fabric fastened over the right shoulder, and the "sagum", was like the abolla but made with a thick, red wool fabric. http://www.planetfigure.com/threads/roman-legionary-c-2nd-century-from-el-greco-miniatures.72552/ |
In addition to Roman costumes mentioned above, the Romans had different costumes for special occasions. The "synthesis", a lightweight alternative for the toga, was worn only by men for dinner parties. The "flammeum" was a brightly colored (typically orange) veil worn by the bride as part of her wedding costume. The "dalmatic" evolved from the tunic and was depicted by its wider, fuller body and sleeves. http://www.suggestkeyword.com/aGltYXRpb24gdG9nYQ/ http://www.hostilia.it/matrimonio.htm http://www.vestments.pl/en_GB/c/DALMATICS-TUNICLES/45 |